Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Footpath shopping experience:
1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Footpath offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Footpath at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.
2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about
3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Footpath? Wrong! If the Footpath is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.
4. Questions - Got a question about Footpath then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Footpath? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Footpath and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.
6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Footpath wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your Footpath then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Footpath site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about Footpath, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your Footpath, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
A
trail is a
path or
road used for
walking, cycling, cross-country skiing, or other activities. Some trails are off-limits to everyone other than
hikers, and a few trails allow motorized vehicles.
Etymology
In the
United Kingdom and United States, the word
footpath is also used to mean a trail; however in
Australian English, New Zealand English, Indian English this word means "sidewalk" (American English) or "pavement" (British English).
In
Australia, the word
track can be used interchangeably with
trail, and can refer to anything from a
dirt road to a pedestrian walkway (generally also unpaved). The term "trail" gained popularity during
World War II, when many
servicemen from the United States were stationed in Australia, which probably influenced its being adopted by elements of the Australian media at the time (see Kokoda Track). In New Zealand, the word
track is used almost exclusively except in reference to cross-country skiing, where
trail is used. In England and Wales, the government-promoted long-distance paths are known as '
long-distance footpaths in the UK'
Trail types and use
Walking trails
in Panamá
Trail use has become very popular for a wide variety of users. Some trails are designated as
nature trails, and are used by people learning about the natural world. Many trails are designated
day trails, meaning that they are generally used by people out for a short hike, less than a day. Some trails are designated
backpacking trails, or
long-distance trails, and are used by both day
Hiking and by Backpacking (wilderness). Some of the trails are over a thousand miles (1,500 km) long and may be hiked in sections by backpackers, or completed in one trip by dedicated hikers. Some trails are specifically used by other outdoor enthusiasts to gain access to another feature, such as good climbing sites. Many Running also favor running on trails rather than pavement, as giving a more vigorous work-out and better developing agility skills, as well as providing a more pleasant exercise environment.
Stairway trails
Stairway trails are another way to ascend higher slopes. The stairs are constructed by making cuts in the dirt, rocks, or concrete. Stairway trails are usually for walking only. Popular stairway trails include the Stairway Trails in Bernal Heights, East -
San Francisco, and the stairs at many hilltop Hindu temples such as the Palani Murugan Temple located in Tirumala, used during Pilgrimage#Hinduism &
Machu Picchu.
Bicycle trails
in Granbury, Texas
Recent decades have seen an explosion of interest in bicycling, both on the street and also
Offroad cycling. Many graded, surfaced bike paths have been built for both uses, but off-road bicycling is more popular, termed mountain biking. A common term used to refer to a "bicycle trail" is simply a "bike trail". These trails may be built to a different set of standards than foot trails, requiring more stable and harder surfaces, less strenuous grade (slope)s, longer sight visibility, and less sharp changes in direction. On the other hand, the cross-slope of a bike trail may be significantly greater than a foot trail, and the path may be narrower in some cases.
A particular offshoot of trail biking is
downhilling, which can be environmentally destructive if not well-managed. Downhilling is particularly popular at ski resorts such as Mammoth Mountain in California or Whistler in British Columbia, where ski lifts are used to get bikes and riders to the top of the mountain.
Because of the greater need for more gradual grades, changing elevations may involve sidehill trails with multiple switchbacks, while these may not be necessary for hikers. In cases where hikers use these bike trails, attention must be paid to the potential of cutting across switchbacks.
Where bike trails intersect with pedestrian or equestrian trails, signage at the intersections is important, and high visibility onto the intersecting trails must be a priority in order to prevent collisions between fast-moving cyclists and slower moving hikers and horses. Bicycles and horses should be allowed on the same trails where the trail is wide enough with good visibility.
A well designed bike trail will have an average grade of less than 10%, and will generally follow a contour line, rather than straight downhill. The trail should slope out or across the trail 3-5% downhill to encourage water to run off the side, rather than down the trail bed. In addition, frequent grade reversals also prevent water from running down the trail, make the trail more fun and interesting to ride, and generally help keep bike speeds down, providing a more safe trail experience for all users.
The
International Mountain Bicycling Association is an excellent resource on trail system design, trail building and maintenance.
Equestrian trails
, where horseback riding and dog walking are not allowed
Horseback riding has continued to be a popular activity for many trail users. Again,
horse trails must be built to different standards than other trails. Sight distance is an important issue with horse trails, as is overhead and side clearance. While trail surface types are a relatively insignificant issue with hikers, they may be an important issue with horses. Horses can negotiate much steeper terrain on a dirt trail, for instance, than on a gravel trail. Horses can usually negotiate much the same grades as hikers, but not always, although they can more easily clear obstacles in the path such as logs. A hard trail surface and drainage is a critically important issue on horse trails because of the relatively greater bearing impact of the horse's hoof on the trail than a hiker's foot.
Cross-country skiing
In cross-country skiing, a trail (also called a 'track' or 'piste') refers to the parallel grooves cut into the
snow, one for each ski.
Motorized trails
, South Dakota
Motorized trail use also remains very popular with some people. Such terms as
ORV,
four-wheeling,
all-terrain vehicle, and others actually have highly specific meanings. In the United States, this group of people have a very strong political lobby. The Recreational Trail Program defined as part of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA, pronounced "ice tea",
International Phonetic Alphabet , ) of 1991 mandates that states must use a minimum of 30 percent of these funds for motorized trail uses.
Urban and suburban trails
Though the term
trail conjures up images of a well-beaten path in a woodland setting, more and more frequently, the term is coming to refer to any sort transportation route designed for non-automobile traffic. For example, a trend sweeping Northern America, especially in the rural Atlantic Northeast, is the conversion of abandoned railways into
rail trails. Examples include the
Ashuwillticook Rail Trail in Berkshire County and the
Northern RailTrail of
New Hampshire. Though these wide, often paved pathways could have easily been used as roads, their focus on recreational use for pedestrians and cyclists is what sets them apart as trails.
In Northern America, where urban sprawl has begun to strike even the most rural communities, developers and local leaders are currently striving to make their communities more conducive to non-motorized transportation through the use of less traditional "trails." The
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation has established the
Active Living by Design program to improve the livability of communities in part through the trails, both in a more traditional sense, as is being done by the Upper Valley Trails Alliance or in the broader, as is being done by
Groundwork Somerville.
Another type of trail that was quite popular in the 1970s and 1980s but is less popular today is the
Assault course (also known as trim trail), which combines running with exercise stations.
The term
trail has also been used by developers and urban planners for a variety of modern paved
roads, highways, and
boulevards. A particularly unusual use of the term is in the province of Alberta, Canada, which has multi-
lane freeways called "trails".
Trail administration
In
1968, the United States created its National Trails System, which includes
National Scenic Trails,
National Historic Trails and
National Recreation Trails.
The rules and regulations for a trail are written and enforced by the land management agency in charge of the trail. A trail may be completely contained within one administration (e.g. a State Park) or it may pass through multiple administrations, leading to a confusing array of regulations, allowing dogs or mountain bikes in one segment but not in another, or requiring Wilderness Permits for a portion of the trail, but not everywhere.
In the United States agencies administering trails include the
National Park Service, the
U.S. Forest Service, the Bureau of Land Management, State Park systems, County Parks, cities, private organizations such as land trusts, businesses and individual property owners.
New trail construction by an agency must often be assessed for its environmental impact and conformance with State or Federal laws. For example, in California new trails must undergo reviews specified by the California Environmental Quality Act CEQA.
In the
British Isles many trails and footpaths are of ancient origin and are protected under law as Rights of way in the United Kingdom.
Trail construction
While many trails have arisen through common usage, quality trail design and construction is a complex process requiring certain sets of skills.
When a trail passes across a flat area that is not wet, often all that is required is to clear brush, tree limbs and undergrowth to produce a clear, walkable trail. When crossing streams, bridges may or may not be desirable, depending on the size of the stream and the depth of its banks. In wet areas, it may be necessary to create an elevated
trailway with fill or by building a boardwalk. One problem with boardwalks is that they require frequent maintenance and replacement - boards in poor condition are often slippery and hazardous.
Trails on slopes
A common mistake in establishing trails is to make them on slopes that are too steep for comfort and the environment. Such steep trails generally result in serious erosion, a wide swath of impacted area as walkers go to the sides to find better footing, and the inability of many hikers to walk the trail. An absolute limit for trail grades is a grade (slope) of one in six, and a more practical limit is a slope of one in eight. Trails that ascend steep slopes may use hairpin turns (also called hairpins), but switchback design and construction is a specialized topic that takes great care. The best trail designs eliminate switchbacks.
If a trail is being made to be accessible to off-road
wheelchairs, the grade should be no more than one in ten. If a paved trail has to be accessible to all wheelchairs, the grade must be no more than one in twelve, with periodic level pull-offs.
The
off-slope, or
side-slope, of the trail also must be considered. This is the slope of the trail from side to side, and should never be more than one in twelve. Side-sloped trails are prone to gullying. Ideally, the treadway of the trail should be almost, but not quite, level in cross-section.
Achieving the proper slope in hilly terrain usually requires the excavation of
sidehill trail. This is trailway that is constructed by establishing a line of suitable slope across a hillside, then digging out by means of a mattock or similar tool to create the trail. This may be a
full-bench trail, where the treadway is only on the firm ground surface after the overlying soil is removed and thrown to the side as waste, or a
half-bench trail, where soil is removed and packed to the side so that the treadway is half on firm old ground and half on new packed fill. In problem areas, it may be necessary to establish the trail entirely on fill. In cases where filling is used, it's necessary to pack it firmly and to revisit the site periodically to add to the fill and repack it until fully stable.
Drainage
in New York's
Catskill Mountains. The trail forks right; the drainage ditch to the left.
An important and often-overlooked factor in trail construction is that of drainage. Where a trail is near the top of a hill or ridge, this is usually a minor issue, but when it is farther down it can become a very major issue. Trails, by their nature, tend to become
drainage channels and eventually gullies if the drainage is not properly controlled.
In areas of heavy water flow along a trail, it may be necessary to create a ditch on the uphill side of the trail with drainage points across the trail. The cross-drainage may be accomplished by means of culverts, which must be cleared on a semi-annual basis, or by means of cross-channels, often created by placing logs or timbers across the trail in a downhill direction, called "thank-you-marms", "deadmen", or
waterbars. Using timbers or rocks for this purpose also creates
erosion barriers. Rock paving in the bottom of these channels and in the trailside ditches may help to maintain stability of these. Ideally, waterbars should be created, with or without ditching, at major points of water flow on or along the trail, and in conjunction, if possible, with existing drainage channels below the trail. Another important technique is to create
coweeta dips, or drain dips, points on the trail where it falls briefly (for a meter or so) and then rises again. These provide positive drainage points that are almost never clogged by debris.
Multi-use trails
Trails intended for use by bicycles, wheelchairs and pedestrians will often be surfaced, especially in heavily-used or urban areas. This can be asphalt paving, or compressed
stone dust. Such trails will also have well-built bridges with a supported deck and side rails.
There has been a major effort to convert abandoned railroad grades to
bike paths or multi-use paths. This has been termed "rails-to-trails".
===Signage===
For long-distance trails, or trails where there is any possibility of anyone taking a wrong turn,
Trail blazing or signage should be provided. This may be accomplished by using either paint on natural surfaces or by placing pre-made medallions. Horseshoe-shaped blazes are good for bridle trails. The Appalachian Trail is blazed with white rectangles. Blue is often used for side trails.
European long-distance paths are blazed with yellow points encircled with red. However, other walking paths in European countries are blazed in a variety of manners.
Maintenance
Natural surface, single track trails will require some ongoing maintenance. However, if the trail is properly designed and constructed, maintenance should be limited to clearing downed trees, trimming back brush and clearing drainages. Depending on location, if the trail is properly designed, there should be no need for major rework such as grading or erosion control efforts. However, mountain trails which see both significant rainfall and human traffic may require "trail hardening" efforts in order to prevent further erosion. Most of the seemingly natural rock steps on the mountain trails of the northeast United States are, in fact, the work of professional and volunteer trail crews.
See also
External links
- TierraWiki - Community project designed to build a digital database of trails using GPS data
- Slackpacker.com - Designed to provide convenient access to websites with hiking and backpacking trail maps, descriptions, journals, trip reports, and photographs
- Connecticut Explorer's Guide - Statewide trail maps extending over hundreds of miles
- Wiki dedicated to trail guides and community - Hiking, biking, riding, and driving trails
- WikiWalki - Member submitted hiking trails with maps
- IMBA.com - Trailbuilding Resources - Information on building and managing shared use and bike specific trails
A
trail is a
path or
road used for
walking, cycling,
cross-country skiing, or other activities. Some trails are off-limits to everyone other than
hikers, and a few trails allow motorized vehicles.
Etymology
In the
United Kingdom and United States, the word
footpath is also used to mean a trail; however in Australian English, New Zealand English, Indian English this word means "sidewalk" (
American English) or "pavement" (British English).
In
Australia, the word
track can be used interchangeably with
trail, and can refer to anything from a
dirt road to a pedestrian walkway (generally also unpaved). The term "trail" gained popularity during World War II, when many servicemen from the United States were stationed in Australia, which probably influenced its being adopted by elements of the Australian media at the time (see
Kokoda Track). In New Zealand, the word
track is used almost exclusively except in reference to cross-country skiing, where
trail is used. In England and Wales, the government-promoted long-distance paths are known as 'long-distance footpaths in the UK'
Trail types and use
Walking trails
in
PanamáTrail use has become very popular for a wide variety of users. Some trails are designated as
nature trails, and are used by people learning about the natural world. Many trails are designated
day trails, meaning that they are generally used by people out for a short hike, less than a day. Some trails are designated
backpacking trails, or
long-distance trails, and are used by both day
Hiking and by Backpacking (wilderness). Some of the trails are over a thousand miles (1,500 km) long and may be hiked in sections by backpackers, or completed in one trip by dedicated hikers. Some trails are specifically used by other outdoor enthusiasts to gain access to another feature, such as good climbing sites. Many Running also favor running on trails rather than pavement, as giving a more vigorous work-out and better developing agility skills, as well as providing a more pleasant exercise environment.
Stairway trails
Stairway trails are another way to ascend higher slopes. The stairs are constructed by making cuts in the dirt, rocks, or concrete. Stairway trails are usually for walking only. Popular stairway trails include the Stairway Trails in Bernal Heights, East -
San Francisco, and the stairs at many hilltop Hindu temples such as the
Palani Murugan Temple located in
Tirumala, used during
Pilgrimage#Hinduism &
Machu Picchu.
Bicycle trails
in Granbury, Texas
Recent decades have seen an explosion of interest in
bicycling, both on the street and also
Offroad cycling. Many graded, surfaced bike paths have been built for both uses, but off-road bicycling is more popular, termed mountain biking. A common term used to refer to a "bicycle trail" is simply a "bike trail". These trails may be built to a different set of standards than foot trails, requiring more stable and harder surfaces, less strenuous grade (slope)s, longer sight visibility, and less sharp changes in direction. On the other hand, the cross-slope of a bike trail may be significantly greater than a foot trail, and the path may be narrower in some cases.
A particular offshoot of trail biking is
downhilling, which can be environmentally destructive if not well-managed. Downhilling is particularly popular at ski resorts such as Mammoth Mountain in California or Whistler in British Columbia, where ski lifts are used to get bikes and riders to the top of the mountain.
Because of the greater need for more gradual grades, changing elevations may involve sidehill trails with multiple switchbacks, while these may not be necessary for hikers. In cases where hikers use these bike trails, attention must be paid to the potential of cutting across switchbacks.
Where bike trails intersect with pedestrian or equestrian trails, signage at the intersections is important, and high visibility onto the intersecting trails must be a priority in order to prevent collisions between fast-moving cyclists and slower moving hikers and horses. Bicycles and horses should be allowed on the same trails where the trail is wide enough with good visibility.
A well designed bike trail will have an average grade of less than 10%, and will generally follow a contour line, rather than straight downhill. The trail should slope out or across the trail 3-5% downhill to encourage water to run off the side, rather than down the trail bed. In addition, frequent grade reversals also prevent water from running down the trail, make the trail more fun and interesting to ride, and generally help keep bike speeds down, providing a more safe trail experience for all users.
The International Mountain Bicycling Association is an excellent resource on trail system design, trail building and maintenance.
Equestrian trails
, where
horseback riding and dog walking are not allowed
Horseback riding has continued to be a popular activity for many trail users. Again,
horse trails must be built to different standards than other trails. Sight distance is an important issue with horse trails, as is overhead and side clearance. While trail surface types are a relatively insignificant issue with hikers, they may be an important issue with horses. Horses can negotiate much steeper terrain on a dirt trail, for instance, than on a gravel trail. Horses can usually negotiate much the same grades as hikers, but not always, although they can more easily clear obstacles in the path such as logs. A hard trail surface and drainage is a critically important issue on horse trails because of the relatively greater bearing impact of the horse's hoof on the trail than a hiker's foot.
Cross-country skiing
In
cross-country skiing, a trail (also called a 'track' or 'piste') refers to the parallel grooves cut into the snow, one for each
ski.
Motorized trails
, South Dakota
Motorized trail use also remains very popular with some people. Such terms as
ORV,
four-wheeling,
all-terrain vehicle, and others actually have highly specific meanings. In the United States, this group of people have a very strong political lobby. The Recreational Trail Program defined as part of the
Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA, pronounced "ice tea",
International Phonetic Alphabet , ) of 1991 mandates that states must use a minimum of 30 percent of these funds for motorized trail uses.
Urban and suburban trails
Though the term
trail conjures up images of a well-beaten path in a woodland setting, more and more frequently, the term is coming to refer to any sort transportation route designed for non-automobile traffic. For example, a trend sweeping Northern America, especially in the rural
Atlantic Northeast, is the conversion of abandoned railways into
rail trails. Examples include the
Ashuwillticook Rail Trail in Berkshire County and the Northern RailTrail of New Hampshire. Though these wide, often paved pathways could have easily been used as roads, their focus on recreational use for pedestrians and cyclists is what sets them apart as trails.
In Northern America, where urban sprawl has begun to strike even the most rural communities, developers and local leaders are currently striving to make their communities more conducive to non-motorized transportation through the use of less traditional "trails." The
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation has established the Active Living by Design program to improve the livability of communities in part through the trails, both in a more traditional sense, as is being done by the Upper Valley Trails Alliance or in the broader, as is being done by
Groundwork Somerville.
Another type of trail that was quite popular in the
1970s and
1980s but is less popular today is the
Assault course (also known as trim trail), which combines running with exercise stations.
The term
trail has also been used by developers and urban planners for a variety of modern paved
roads,
highways, and
boulevards. A particularly unusual use of the term is in the province of
Alberta,
Canada, which has multi-
lane freeways called "trails".
Trail administration
In
1968, the United States created its National Trails System, which includes
National Scenic Trails,
National Historic Trails and National Recreation Trails.
The rules and regulations for a trail are written and enforced by the land management agency in charge of the trail. A trail may be completely contained within one administration (e.g. a State Park) or it may pass through multiple administrations, leading to a confusing array of regulations, allowing dogs or mountain bikes in one segment but not in another, or requiring
Wilderness Permits for a portion of the trail, but not everywhere.
In the United States agencies administering trails include the
National Park Service, the
U.S. Forest Service, the Bureau of Land Management, State Park systems, County Parks, cities, private organizations such as land trusts, businesses and individual property owners.
New trail construction by an agency must often be assessed for its environmental impact and conformance with State or Federal laws. For example, in California new trails must undergo reviews specified by the California Environmental Quality Act CEQA.
In the British Isles many trails and footpaths are of ancient origin and are protected under law as
Rights of way in the United Kingdom.
Trail construction
While many trails have arisen through common usage, quality trail design and construction is a complex process requiring certain sets of skills.
When a trail passes across a flat area that is not wet, often all that is required is to clear brush, tree limbs and undergrowth to produce a clear, walkable trail. When crossing streams,
bridges may or may not be desirable, depending on the size of the stream and the depth of its banks. In wet areas, it may be necessary to create an elevated
trailway with fill or by building a boardwalk. One problem with boardwalks is that they require frequent maintenance and replacement - boards in poor condition are often slippery and hazardous.
Trails on slopes
A common mistake in establishing trails is to make them on slopes that are too steep for comfort and the environment. Such steep trails generally result in serious erosion, a wide swath of impacted area as walkers go to the sides to find better footing, and the inability of many hikers to walk the trail. An absolute limit for trail grades is a grade (slope) of one in six, and a more practical limit is a slope of one in eight. Trails that ascend steep slopes may use
hairpin turns (also called hairpins), but switchback design and construction is a specialized topic that takes great care. The best trail designs eliminate switchbacks.
If a trail is being made to be accessible to off-road wheelchairs, the grade should be no more than one in ten. If a paved trail has to be accessible to all wheelchairs, the grade must be no more than one in twelve, with periodic level pull-offs.
The
off-slope, or
side-slope, of the trail also must be considered. This is the slope of the trail from side to side, and should never be more than one in twelve. Side-sloped trails are prone to gullying. Ideally, the treadway of the trail should be almost, but not quite, level in cross-section.
Achieving the proper slope in hilly terrain usually requires the excavation of
sidehill trail. This is trailway that is constructed by establishing a line of suitable slope across a hillside, then digging out by means of a
mattock or similar tool to create the trail. This may be a
full-bench trail, where the treadway is only on the firm ground surface after the overlying soil is removed and thrown to the side as waste, or a
half-bench trail, where soil is removed and packed to the side so that the treadway is half on firm old ground and half on new packed fill. In problem areas, it may be necessary to establish the trail entirely on fill. In cases where filling is used, it's necessary to pack it firmly and to revisit the site periodically to add to the fill and repack it until fully stable.
Drainage
in New York's
Catskill Mountains. The trail forks right; the drainage ditch to the left.
An important and often-overlooked factor in trail construction is that of drainage. Where a trail is near the top of a hill or ridge, this is usually a minor issue, but when it is farther down it can become a very major issue. Trails, by their nature, tend to become drainage channels and eventually gullies if the drainage is not properly controlled.
In areas of heavy water flow along a trail, it may be necessary to create a ditch on the uphill side of the trail with drainage points across the trail. The cross-drainage may be accomplished by means of culverts, which must be cleared on a semi-annual basis, or by means of cross-channels, often created by placing logs or timbers across the trail in a downhill direction, called "thank-you-marms", "deadmen", or
waterbars. Using timbers or rocks for this purpose also creates erosion barriers. Rock paving in the bottom of these channels and in the trailside ditches may help to maintain stability of these. Ideally, waterbars should be created, with or without ditching, at major points of water flow on or along the trail, and in conjunction, if possible, with existing drainage channels below the trail. Another important technique is to create
coweeta dips, or drain dips, points on the trail where it falls briefly (for a meter or so) and then rises again. These provide positive drainage points that are almost never clogged by debris.
Multi-use trails
Trails intended for use by bicycles, wheelchairs and pedestrians will often be surfaced, especially in heavily-used or urban areas. This can be
asphalt paving, or compressed stone dust. Such trails will also have well-built bridges with a supported deck and side rails.
There has been a major effort to convert abandoned railroad grades to
bike paths or multi-use paths. This has been termed "
rails-to-trails".
===Signage===
For long-distance trails, or trails where there is any possibility of anyone taking a wrong turn,
Trail blazing or signage should be provided. This may be accomplished by using either paint on natural surfaces or by placing pre-made medallions. Horseshoe-shaped blazes are good for bridle trails. The
Appalachian Trail is blazed with white rectangles. Blue is often used for side trails.
European long-distance paths are blazed with yellow points encircled with red. However, other walking paths in European countries are blazed in a variety of manners.
Maintenance
Natural surface, single track trails will require some ongoing maintenance. However, if the trail is properly designed and constructed, maintenance should be limited to clearing downed trees, trimming back brush and clearing drainages. Depending on location, if the trail is properly designed, there should be no need for major rework such as grading or erosion control efforts. However, mountain trails which see both significant rainfall and human traffic may require "trail hardening" efforts in order to prevent further erosion. Most of the seemingly natural rock steps on the mountain trails of the northeast United States are, in fact, the work of professional and volunteer trail crews.
See also
External links
- TierraWiki - Community project designed to build a digital database of trails using GPS data
- Slackpacker.com - Designed to provide convenient access to websites with hiking and backpacking trail maps, descriptions, journals, trip reports, and photographs
- Connecticut Explorer's Guide - Statewide trail maps extending over hundreds of miles
- Wiki dedicated to trail guides and community - Hiking, biking, riding, and driving trails
- WikiWalki - Member submitted hiking trails with maps
- IMBA.com - Trailbuilding Resources - Information on building and managing shared use and bike specific trails
Walking holidays from Footpath Holidays
Offers guided walking and hiking tours throughout Great Britain.
Ramblers Association - Information - Walkers and the Law - Footpath ...
The Ramblers' Association is Britain's biggest walking organisation with almost 140,000 members across England, Scotland and Wales and hundreds of affiliated walking and rambling ...
Ramblers Association - Footpaths - Footpath Law
The Ramblers' Association is Britain's biggest walking organisation with almost 140,000 members across England, Scotland and Wales and hundreds of affiliated walking and rambling ...
Kington Footpath Scheme
Many miles of footpaths have been cleared, improved and signposted to make walking in the Herefordshire countryside even more enjoyable.
The Mid-Cheshire Footpath Society - Walking and Maintenance of ...
The Society is a registered charity for those who are both interested in walking in the Cheshire Countryside and in helping to look after and protect the Public Rights of ...
Coastal Footpath
The Durham Coastal Footpath is an 11 mile walking route through the District of Easington from Seaham in the north to Crimdon in the south. It leads through stunning clifftop ...
Ringwood & Fordingbridge Footpath Society
To activate the links in this website, click on the buttons or click on the underlined text coloured green or blue. Roll the mouse pointer over each of the above photos to select ...
Cornwall County Council - Public Rights of Way
Information about public rights of way. ... Website URL : http://www.cornwall.gov.uk/index.cfm?articleid=5360
Service Charter - Road and Footpath Maintenance
Service Charter for Road and Footpath Maintenance ... If you are interested in receiving the latest news and website updates about "Service Charter - Road and Footpath Maintenance ...
South West Coast Path Association
Describes the path with practical advice, maps, photo tour and news.